• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Process for detecting arcs in a direct current path of a photovoltaic system and photovoltaic system The present invention relates to a process for detecting arcs in a direct current path of a photovoltaic system, where values of a current (idc) of the direct current path are recorded over a repeating time interval (7), forming an average (8), and covering a photovoltaic system. For the safe detection of arcing with a component of the photovoltaic system during the time intervals (7), values of a DC current voltage (udc) are captured, forming an average (8, 8 ') and based on the means (8,8 ') for current (idc) and voltage (udc) by a calculation process will be continuously calculated at least one detection signal (9) and at least one detection threshold (10).
    公开号:BR112012003368B1
    申请号:R112012003368-9
    申请日:2010-06-02
    公开日:2019-06-25
    发明作者:Andreas Pamer；Günter Ritzberger；Friedrich Oberzaucher
    申请人:Fronius International Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for detecting volcanic arcs in a continuous current path of a photovoltaic system and a photovoltaic system.
    The present invention relates to a process for detecting voltaic arcs in a direct current path of a photovoltaic system wherein the values of a current of the direct current path are recorded during a repeating time interval, formed an average.
    In the same manner, the present method encompasses a photovoltaic system with components for feeding in an alternating voltage network with a DC-DC transformer and a DC-AC transformer for DC transformation, generated by at least one solar cell, with respective direct current, in an alternating voltage for supply in the alternating voltage network and also comprises a control assembly.
    Voltage arcs from direct current such as serial arcs or parallel arcs in photovoltaic systems often result in dangerous and costly fires because the surrounding material ignites in a very short space of time. DC arcs because they do not have a zero pass do not self-extinguish. Therefore, a detection of voltaic arcs is required.
    From WO 95/25374 A1 a detection process for serial and parallel voltaic arcs has been known. In this case, the detection unit will be connected to the DC main lines of the photovoltaic system in order to detect changes in voltage and therefore arcs. The sensing unit is formed in an analogous manner and especially comprises two coupled and inductive oscillating circuits, two comparators and a delay stage so that a DC separator can be activated and deactivated in the DC master line. It is disadvantageous in the case that additional hardware components for the detection process need to be integrated into the photovoltaic system, resulting in additional costs. Likewise, it is disadvantageous that essentially no subsequent changes or adjustments of parameters of the detection process are possible.
    Another detection process for serial and parallel arcs has become known from EP 1 796 238 A2 which is carried out with a software module. For the detection of a series arc, in time intervals of the chain path, the arithmetic mean will be formed. If the difference of the means for two subsequent time slots exceeds a threshold value, a counter will be increased. Remaining the difference below the threshold value voltage, the counter will be decreased. A serial arc will be detected when the counter position exceeds a certain value. To detect a parallel arc in a time interval the maximum and minimum current path will be determined and the differential will be calculated. If the differential is greater than a certain threshold value, an additional counter will be incremented. If the difference is below the threshold value, this counter will be decreased. A parallel arc will be detected when the counter level exceeds a certain value. It is disadvantageous, in this case, that only the chain path is taken into account. Likewise only after several changes of the current will an arc be detected so that damage can already occur. It is also disadvantageous that different detection processes for series and parallel arc arcs are employed.
    The object of the present invention resides in creating a aforementioned process and a photovoltaic system also mentioned above with which the safety of photovoltaic systems can be controlled with a component of the photovoltaic system. The disadvantages of conventional systems should be avoided or at least reduced.
    In the process according to the invention, the task is solved by the fact that during the time intervals values of a direct current path voltage are recorded, a mean being formed and based on the values of the means for current to voltage across of a calculation process will be continuously calculated at least the detection signal and at least one detection threshold in a continuous manner.
    In the same manner, the task of the invention will be solved by an aforementioned photovoltaic system, in which a metering assembly is provided for measuring DC voltage and direct current, and the control assembly for carrying out the above detection process is shaped accordingly. It is an advantage in this case and in relation to the other embodiments that the detection will always be performed in relation to the output potential of the alternating rectifier because current and voltage are recorded. In this way, the detection process can differentiate between voltaic arcs and incident radiation changes. In this way, also will be recognized arcs voltaicos with smaller powers, with which it is verified a premature recognition of the voltaic arcs. It is also advantageous that the sensitivity of the process can be regulated by correction factors, and may be embodied with a component of the photovoltaic system, for example with the drive assembly of the inverter. In this way, the process advantageously conformed in a digital sense can be implemented by a software update, therefore, a simple remanagement is also achieved, that is, an integration in at least one already existing component of the photovoltaic system. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the detection process can also be carried out at a reduced exploitation rate (up to the hundredths-H-z range). In this way, correspondingly reduced values need to be processed so that existing resources can be used, that is, component costs can be kept at a reduced level.
    Other advantages can be seen from the following description.
    The present invention will be described in more detail on the basis of the accompanying and schematic drawings, wherein the descriptions contained throughout the description may be transmitted in the same direction to like components with like reference numerals. In addition, also individual features of the exemplary embodiment shown, i.e., from the different examples shown, may represent specific solutions and inventive solutions.
    The figures show: figure 1 - a schematic block diagram of a photovoltaic system; Figure 2 - Schematic current and voltage temporal paths of a photovoltaic system to determine the respective means; figure 3 - schematic temporal path of the mean and the mean of the long time of the voltage until the appearance of an arc, as well as the resultant signal of detection; figure 4 - schematic temporal plot of the mean and the mean of the elongated time value of the current until the appearance of an arc, as well as the resulting detection signal; figure 5 - schematically a time course during the detection of a series arc; figure 6 - schematically a time course during the detection of a parallel arc; and figure 7 - schematically the work points of the inverter of a photovoltaic system resulting in an arc. [00013] Initially identical components of the exemplary embodiment are given the same reference numerals. Based on Figures 1 to 7 there will be described a process for detecting voltaic arcs in a DC current path of a photovoltaic system.
    In the case, Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an inverter 1 of a photovoltaic system for supplying an input DC voltage Udc generated with a solar cell 2 with corresponding input DC current and Idc on an alternating voltage Uac which is fed into a mains supply line 3, which is supplied to a consumer unit. Such a photovoltaic system in addition to the inverter 1 may have other components such as a coupling box and / or the like (not shown). The inverter 1 comprises a DC-DC transformer 4 which converts the DC input voltage Udc into a DC voltage DC suitable for the subsequent DC-AC transformer 5 of the inverter 1. By the DC-AC transformer 5 and a corresponding control assembly 6 , the DC voltage Udc will be converted to AC voltage UAC. Correspondingly, between the solar cell 2 and the inverter 1 (shown in dashes) is the direct current path. It essentially comprises all the solar cells 2 connected in parallel and in series, for example in a connection box, which is connected to the inverter 1. The direct current path therefore comprises several lines and points of contact, for better visibility only one line is represented.
    The contact points may, for example, be loosened by oscillations in aging temperature, installation faults and / or taper-poor tightening and in this way so-called serial arcs can arise. On the contrary, parallel arcs result mainly because of insulation deficiencies or damage when the lines are led side by side. Voltage arcs arise during the operation of the inverter 1 by virtue of the current Idc flowing in the direct current path and may result in hazardous fires. To avoid these occurrences, processes are used to detect these arcs. In this case, values of the DC current of the direct current path will be recorded during a time interval 7 which is repeated and from there will be formed a mean 8, 8 'as shown in figure 2. The current average 8, 8 ', i.e. the mean 8, 8' of the last internal 7 will then be compared with the average 8, 8 'of the previous time slot 7. According to the invention it is now provided that during the time intervals 7, the values of the voltage Udc and the DC current of the DC path are recorded and a mean 8, 8 'is formed and based on the means 8, 8' for current Idc and voltage Udc, by means of a calculation process, a detection signal 9 and a detection threshold 10 will be continuously calculated. By comparing the detection signal 9 with the detection threshold 10, a series and / or parallel arc will be recognized.
    As a basis for the detection process, the values continuously recorded at the input of the component of the voltaic system - such as the inverter 1 - with a metering set for the Udc voltage and for the DC current path Idc are used. These measured values will be made available for the calculation process, which, for example, is carried out with the control assembly 6 of the inverter 1. Basically, the calculation for the voltage Udc and for the current Idc can be carried out in the same way. It is also essential for the detection process that a change in light irradiation is not detected as an arc. An arc causes a single and rapid change in the current Idc and Udc voltage, whereas changes in irradiation, in comparison, occur slowly and continuously.
    A detection process is initiated after a starter process of the inverter 1, wherein the values of the detection process with the starting process are preferably retracted. The meter assembly provides continuously measured values which are presented by the calculation process at identical time intervals in which they are subdivided. At each time interval 7, the values for the current Idc for the voltage Udc will be picked up with a tracking frequency, the time slots 7 having a defined duration, for example of 50 ms. After a time interval 7, from the values recorded in the time slot 7, the current average 8 of the current Idc and the current average 8 'of the voltage Udc will be formed as shown in the diagrams in figure 2. By calculating the means 8, 8 'will be compensated correspondingly to sporadic changes. The means 8, 8 'of the chain Idc and the tension Udc are drawn dashedly within the time interval 7. The time path of these different means 8, 8' is shown based on an example in Figures 3 and 4.
    In the next step with the calculation process, from the current means 8, 8 'and the means 8, 8' of the preceding time interval 7, i.e. of two subsequent means 8, 8 ', will be calculated differential mean. In this way, rapid changes can be recognized between two time slots 7.
    Also the current means 8, 8 'for calculating the respective averages of the current long time 11 are continuously updated. The tracing of the long-time mean values 11, 11 'can also be seen in figures 3 and 4.
    The long-time means 11, 11 'are calculated from the current 8, 8' means by means of a low-pass digital filtering so that the influence of the current mean 8, 8 'on the current mean time 11 'is reduced. With adequately chosen time constants, ie filter coefficients, it can thus be ensured that arcs can be differentiated from radiation changes. The current average long time 11, 11 'therefore changes compared to the rapid change of the mean 8, 8' essentially only slowly.
    The same principle will also be calculated their respective long-time differential means by a digital low-pass filtering with the same filter coefficients and based on the corresponding current differential means. Correspondingly here too the influence of the respective differential mean is reduced. In this way, the mean of the long time differential behaves in the same way as a delay component so that it changes more slowly than the differential mean. Therefore, the long-time differential means serve as a measure for the intensity of the incident irradiation with which arcs can be differentiated from changes in incident radiation.
    Based on the differential means, the long-time means 11, 11 'and the long-time differential means - which were calculated correspondingly at the base of the mean 8.8' - both the detection signal 9 , as well as a detection threshold 10.
    For the calculation of the detection signal 9 a value of the long-time differential mean and the differential voltage mean Udc - corresponding to a detection signal 9i for the voltage Udc - and with a value formed of the differential mean long time and the current differential mean Idc - which corresponds to the detection signal 9i for the current l = DC - being multiplied. In this case, the values constitute the differential between the average of the long time differential and the average of the differential that were calculated at the same time. This results in a greater difference in the case of rapid changes in the Udc voltage, that is, in the Idc current. This is because fast changes in the differential mean exert much sharper effects than in the long time differential mean. Here too, it is thus ensured that these are short and rapid changes, as this occurs in the ignition of an arc. In the case of changes based on the intensity of the irradiation, this will have identical effects on the long time average 11, 11 'and the mean 8, 8' because these changes occur over a longer period of time so that the difference essentially is zero.
    According to Figures 3 and 4 a fast change in time 12 is shown based on the mean 8, 8 'and the long time average 11, 11' from which the corresponding detection signals 9u, i.e. 9i . Correspondingly results in the slow changes no detection signal 9u, i.e., 9i.
    By multiplying these two differences, ie, the detection signals 9u and 9i of the current Idc and the voltage Udc, the change will be correspondingly reinforced so that an arc is rapidly recognized. It results from such a calculation that essentially the detection signal 9 is equal to zero, as long as there are no rapid changes Udc and the current Idc at the same time. That is to say, therefore, that in case of slow changes, the long time differential mean and the differential mean behave identically so that their differences and correspondingly the detection signal 9 equals zero. If, however, a rapid change in the same time interval results in an incident arc, the detection signal 9 will also be clearly changed. Thus, the detection signal 9 essentially reflects the potential change which describes the potential loss based on the arc.
    For the purposes of calculating the detection threshold 10, on the other hand, the long-time means 11 of the current Idc and the voltage Udc which were calculated at the same time will be multiplied. In this manner, the detection threshold 10 corresponds essentially to the current potential.
    With such a calculation of the detection signal 9 and the detection threshold 10, they are always suitable for the output potential of the inverter 1 because they are continuously calculated on the basis of the voltage Udc and the current Idc.
    In order that an arc may be detected in sequence, the detection signal 9 must exceed the detection threshold 10, such as at time 12 according to figure 5 and 6. To detect an arc, the potential change would have to exceed the current potential. Since this is not possible, it will be used, at least, to calculate the detection threshold 10 or the detection signal 9, a correction factor. Of course both for the calculation of the detection threshold 10 and for the calculation of the detection signal 9 a correction factor can be used in a multiplied way. In this case, the correction factor for the detection signal 9 has a value greater than 1 and the correction factor for the detection threshold 10 has a value of less than 1. It is thus guaranteed that also arcs with reduced potential - that is , with short arc length - could be recognized. Based on these calculations, the detection threshold 10 will be suitable for slow changes of the current Idc and the voltage Udc. Since the detection threshold 10 corresponds to the current potential, depending on the potential again of the intensity of the irradiation, the detection threshold 10 is automatically adequate particularities. Additionally, by the respective correction factors, the sensitivity of the detection of the voltaic arcs may be adequate, the correction factor for the detection threshold 10 and the correction factor for the detection signal 9 being reciprocally adjusted correspondingly .
    Basically, for a series arc and a parallel arc, a different correction factor will be used to calculate the respective detection threshold 10, so as to result in a detection threshold 10s for a series arc and one detection threshold 10p for a parallel arc. For the detection of a voltaic arc the whole detection signal 9 will be used in this case. In this way, on the one hand, a joint detection process can be used for the two types of voltaic arcs and on the other hand recognition can also be made possible of the type of the voltaic arc that presents itself. This is attributable to a differentiated behavior of the photovoltaic system in the case of a series arc and a parallel arc, whereby the inverter 1 changes the working point AP as shown in figure 7.
    If a photovoltaic array is present in the photovoltaic system, the Udc input voltage will be reduced by the arc voltage drop, whereby the inverter 1 changes its working point AP to a working point APs based on the serial arc. In this way, the output potential is reduced, but the operation of the inverter 1 is still possible. In contrast to a reduced change of working point AP in the case of a series arc, the working point AP is modified in the event of a substantially parallel arc of the arc. Since the arc in parallel has a fire action in parallel to the input of the inverter 1 with a given lower arc voltage, having an arc resistance with a low ohmic index in relation to the resistance of the inverter, only a reduced portion of the current Idc flows to the inverter 1. Accordingly, the working point AP according to figure 7 is changed in a pronounced manner, so as to produce a working point APp based on the arc in parallel. With an APp working point of this type no further useful operation of the inverter 1 is possible.
    The change in voltage and current, therefore, in a parallel arc is much greater than in a series arc. Therefore, the detection threshold 10p for a parallel arc is also greater than the detection threshold 10s for a serial arc. Exceeding the detection signal 9 the detection threshold 10s for the serial arc not to the detection threshold 10p for the parallel arc in accordance with figure 5, then a series arc will be detected. If both detection thresholds 10s, 10p according to figure 6 are exceeded by the detection signal 9, a parallel arc is detected on the other hand. According to the calculation process, the detection signal 9, in the case of rapid current and / or voltage changes, that is, of the working point AP, is formed, and in case of slow changes of the point of AP work by virtue of changes in the irradiation intensity, essentially no detection signal is formed 9.
    After the detection signal 9 and the detection thresholds 10s and 10p have been calculated with the calculation process according to the detection method, the detection signal 9 and the detection thresholds 10s / 10p. Exceeding the detection signal 9 at least one of the detection thresholds 10s / 10p will have arisen. This means that either a series arc or a parallel arc was detected. A difference in arc type is required because different measurements are required after detection.
    If the detection process is performed on another component of the photovoltaic system other than the inverter 1 (as described), a corresponding communication of this other component is verified with the inverter 1. The communication can be verified wirelessly or by wire (an own bus system by modulation over a direct current path etc.).
    In the detection of a series arc, the inverter will be so moved to a safe state that no more alternating current is produced. Therefore, the current flow in the direct current path will be interrupted and the arc will die out. If, on the other hand, a parallel arc is detected, the direct current path is shorted by a key. In this way, the voltage of the arc is essentially zero, so that the arc is extinguished. The DC-DC transformer 4 or another specific key connected in parallel with the inverter 1 can be used as a key.
    The described detection process may also be combined with a selective frequency evaluation (for example, by digital filters) and / or with an evaluation in the frequency range (e.g., Fast Fourier Transform). In this case, an additional detection signal 9 and an additional detection threshold 10 will be generated based on the intensity of the spectral plots in the voltage path Udc and / or the current Idc, which can be combined in a manner corresponding to the results of the calculation process . In this way, the reliability will be further intensified.
    An alarm message may also be generated which is transmitted over the internet, mobile phone or similar procedure. When no arc is detected, therefore, the detection signal 9 remains below the detection threshold 10, the detection process continues. Generally, the detection process will be carried out during the operation of the inverter 1. The detection process will be started after a starter process of the inverter 1, so that stable values are available at the input of the inverter 1. At defined time intervals a test path of the detection process may also be performed. In this case, the function of the detection process will be tested. For example, this is carried out directly by the inverter 1 or by an external apparatus, which is done by doing this in a state of rest of the photovoltaic system. The test is carried out, for example, in such a way that voltage and / or current paths are applied at the input of the inverter 1, which change with varying speed and which, for example, are generated by a generator, signal or similar unit. In the same way, these voltage and / or current paths could also be simulated by certain values. These values will be correspondingly used according to the detection process instead of the values continuously measured by the current bc and by the voltage Udc. The amplitudes of these strokes are suitable corresponding to the output potential of the inverter 1. The paths will be changed with a corresponding frequency of way that both slow and fast changes can be simulated. Therefore, in the case of reduced frequencies of the paths an arc can not be detected because this would correspond to a change in the intensity of the incident radiation, and in the case of higher frequencies an arc would be detected. By suitable choice of amplitude it can also be examined whether the detection process can differentiate between series arcs and parallel arcs.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    A method for detecting voltaic arcs in a direct current path of a photovoltaic system, wherein values of a current (Idc) of the direct current path are recorded during a repeating time interval (7), and is formed an average current 8 (Idc), characterized in that values of a DC voltage (Udc) are recorded during the time intervals (7) and a mean (8 ') of the voltage is formed ( Udc), the current (Idc) and the voltage (Udc) are calculated from the respective means (8, 8 ') of the current (Idc) and the voltage (Udc) ), from the current (Idc) and the voltage (Udc) current differential means (8, 8 ') are calculated for long-time current (Idc) and voltage (Udc) in the averages (8, 8 '), differential means, long time means (11, 1Γ) and long time differential means pa the current (Idc) and the voltage (Udc), at least one detection signal (9) and the at least one detection threshold (10) are continuously calculated by means of a calculation process, in which, from the differential mean (11, 11 ') and the differential voltage mean (Udc), a value is formed, and with a value formed from the long-time differential mean and the current differential mean (Idc) being multiplied to detection signal (9).
    [2]
    Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the long-time (11, 11 ') means of the current (Idc) and the voltage (Udc) are calculated by means of digital low-pass filtering from the respective (8, 8 ') of the current (Idc) and the voltage (Udc).
    [3]
    A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the long-time means of the current (bc) and the voltage (Udc) are calculated by means of digital low-pass filtering from the respective differential means of the current (bc) and voltage (Udc).
    [4]
    Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after each time interval (7), the detection signal (9) and the detection threshold (10) are calculated, based on the differential mean , the long time average (11, 11 ') and the long time differential of the respective current (bc) and the voltage (Udc).
    [5]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the values of the detection signal (9) are multiplied with a correction factor greater than 1.
    [6]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the long-time (11, 1Γ) means of the current (bc) and the voltage (Udc) are multiplied for the detection threshold formation ( 10).
    [7]
    Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the detection threshold (10) for the recognition of a series arc is multiplied with a correction factor of less than 1.
    [8]
    A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the detection threshold (10) for the recognition of a parallel arc is multiplied with a correction factor of less than 1.
    [9]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an arc is detected when the detection threshold (10) is exceeded by the detection signal (9), a differentiation being made between an arc in series and a parallel arc.
    [10]
    A process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that upon detection of an arc it will be extinguished.
    [11]
    A process according to claim 10, characterized in that, for the extinction of the parallel arc, the DC current is short-circuited with a key and for the arc extinction in series, the current flow in the current is interrupted.
    [12]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the function of the detection process is checked by a test.
    [13]
    A method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the detection process is activated after a starting process of the photovoltaic system.
    [14]
    A photovoltaic system with components for feeding in an alternating voltage network (3), with a DC-DC transformer (4) and a DC-DC transformation (5) for transforming the DC voltage, generated by at least one a solar cell (2), with corresponding direct current (Idc) in an alternating voltage (Uac) for feeding in the alternating voltage network (3) and a control assembly (6), characterized in that a measuring assembly (Udc) and direct current (Idc) and the control assembly (6) is formed for carrying out the process of detecting voltaic arcs in a DC current path of the photovoltaic system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR20120066636A|2012-06-22|
    WO2011017721A1|2011-02-17|
    KR101354643B1|2014-01-21|
    CN102472789A|2012-05-23|
    AU2010282204A1|2012-03-01|
    BR112012003368A2|2016-02-16|
    US20120134058A1|2012-05-31|
    AU2010282204B2|2014-06-12|
    EP2464986A1|2012-06-20|
    US8576520B2|2013-11-05|
    EP2464986B1|2014-02-26|
    CN102472789B|2015-02-18|
    JP2013502054A|2013-01-17|
    JP5393891B2|2014-01-22|
    AT509251A1|2011-07-15|
    IN2012DN01351A|2015-06-05|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-02-12| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-05-14| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2019-06-25| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 02/06/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 02/06/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT0128509A|AT509251A1|2009-08-14|2009-08-14|4 EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF ARC FLASH IN PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS AND ONE SUCH PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANT|
    ATA1285/2009|2009-08-14|
    PCT/AT2010/000194|WO2011017721A1|2009-08-14|2010-06-02|Method for detecting arcs in photovoltaic systems and such a photovoltaic system|
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